Matter: election -
re-counting votes - state law requires mandatory recount in the event
a candidate is defeated by a margin of 0.5% or less - ballot papers
with punched out holes designed for machine counting - machine missed
out ballots with improperly punched holes - state supreme court
ordered manual re-count of "legal votes" - what constitutes
"legal votes"
Matter: confidential
information - official infomation gained by member of securities &
intelligence services - breached confidentiality undertaking by
disclosing info in an autobiography - recovery of profit gained from
breach - restitutionary damages.
Matter:
contract - written contract of employment was preceded by an oral
contract - employee guilty of misconduct justifying summary dismissal
- effect of written contract on employer's right of dismissal.
Matter: land -
title - temple land - chinese law & custom - ownership claim by a
t'ong (an association, unincorporated but recognised by legislation,
of individuals with continuous succession through patrilineal
descent).
Matter:
contract - implied terms - contract with City Council for land
development - in response to objections by the public the City Council
re-zoned the land & restricted development - whether re-zoning is a
breach of implied term.
Matter: revenue -
taxable income - Mobil and retailers entered into a series of
contracts that were designed to lock dealers in an exclusive supply of
Mobil products - the contracts require Mobil to pay retailers
compensation for having to improve their stations - whether payment
amounts to gain by retailers in their ordinary course of business.
Matter: restitution -
unjust enrichment - conspiracy to deceive - whether allegation of
conspiracy (e.g. sham, fraud, and 'scam') could be dealt with
summarily.
Matter: family -
break-up of a de facto relationship - division of assets - equity -
constructive trust - beneficial interest in property - expectations interest.
Matter: competition - ferry service -
whether service was carried out in a manner to lessen competition -
whether service provided was in compliance with licence - interpretation of public documents.
Matter: admiralty -
marine insurance - constructive total loss caused by fire -
unseaworthiness - duty of utmost good faith / uberrimae fidei -
a continuing duty - whether the duty extends to disclosure of
information in a litigation between insured and insurer.
Matter: fraud -
conspiracy by directors to defraud company - standard of proof -
liability of co-directors under Spanish Companies Law Act 1989 -
dishonest assistance & knowing receipt - constructive trust - conflict
of laws
Matter: equity -
"express trustee" - will with trust for sale, power to postpone sale &
power of advancement - executor sold & transferred estate property to
guardian of beneficiaries - breach of fiduciary duty by guardian.
Matter: consumer
protection - origin of products - Prosciutto di Parma (Parma ham) is a
protected designation of origin (PDO) for ham produced in Parma -
Parma ham was imported & then packaged in Wiltshire and described as
Parma ham - whether description is lawful - whether PDO protection is
directly enforceable in member states.
Matter: building -
erection of structure was not according to design - steel plate fell
& fatally injured workman - whether designer has a duty to ensure
that those erecting the structure are safe from injury and risks to
health.
Matter: land -
title - a person (through her attorney) assigned her title (to a flat)
to a company - company then assigned title to vendor - the power of attorney
went missing
- manager of vendor & solicitor who witnessed first assignment
each purchaser requisitioned & was not satisfied that vendor had
proved good title - purchaser sued for
return of deposit payment - whether declaration by solicitor may be
admitted as secondary evidence to prove vendor's title -
omnia praesumuntur rite esse acta.
Matter: revenue -
partnership formed for tax purposes - existence / validity of
partnership - assessment of partnership income / losses - allowable
tax deduction.
Matter: revenue -
partnership formed for tax purposes - existence / validity of
partnership - assessment of partnership income / losses - allowable
tax deduction.
Matter: professional negligence -
property valuer - valuer was employed as manager of a firm of valuers
- he prepared a mortgage valuation report for building society to
finance a purchaser - report failed to account for settlement cracks
(value would have been been lower) - whether valuer was liable to
purchaser.
Matter: courts -
jurisdiction - employee claimed for damages suffered by reason
of poor air quality in the building housing the headquarter of
international body - immunity of international body - jurisdiction of
court to hear claim.
Matter: companies -
liquidation - transactions having preferential effect - s.292
Companies Act 1993 - statutory exception of transactions "in the
ordinary course of business".
Matter: criminal
procedure - stay of criminal proceedings - charge of conspiracy to
defraud & publishing false statement of account - whether the
investigator who was appointed to investigate affairs of suspected
corporation can extend information he obtained during investigation to
prosecuting authorities - whether publication of the investigator's
report is prejudicial to the suspect.
Matter: commerce -
misuse of market power - restrictive practices - appointment of
exclusive distributor to a market sector by manufacturer - refusal to
supply another potential distributor.
Matter: contract -
employment contract - breach of contract - unfair dismissal - implied
term that employer would not without reasonable and proper cause harm
the relationship of trust and confidence between the parties - mental
breakdown and inability to find work - damages for financial loss of
employment prospect & for injury to reputation resulting from breach.
Matter: public
administration - ministerial duties - discharging duties by a minister
in areas which overlapped that of another - s.5(9) of Marine Reserves
Act 1971 requires Minister of Fisheries to concur in the decision of
Minister of Conservation - whether the former must reach his own
independent decision.
Matter: succession -
intestacy - non-probate assets (insurance & pension moneys) - effect
of divorce on entitlement of surviving ex-spouse who is a named
beneficiary, to non probate assets
Matter: mortgage -
sale of mortgaged property - statutory duty (s.103A, Property Law Act 1952)
to the mortgagor to take reasonable care to obtain the best price
reasonably obtainable as at the time of sale
Matter: banking -
security - chattel - validity of security - trustees alleged that
MacDonald without authority bought yatch using trust money & charged
it to BNZ - whether purchase of yatch was with proper authority -
whether security valid.
Matter: design - design right - originality: s.213(4) Copyright, Designs &
Patents Act 1988 - subsistance of right - whether design is
commonplace - whether there was infringement of design rights.
Matter:
"The judge awarded basic and aggravated damages .... The damages
were compensation for the manner in which they were strip-searched by
prison officers ...."
Matter: admiralty -
carriage by sea - contaminated cargo - discharged & sold at a discount
- cleaning vessel to remove contamination - expenses incurred and time
lost.
Matter: professional negligence -
doctors - failed laparoscopic sterilisation procedure - child
conceived & borned with disability - damages for (1) special care and
need relating to disability & (2) basic maintenance.
Matter: environment -
noise - respondent's plans to develop land which she owned nearby
airport were affected by air noise boundary imposed by District
Council - pursuant to her application under s.185, Resource Management
Act 1991, Environment Court ordered Airport Corporation to acquire her
land - whether Environment Court had jurisdiction - whether
Environment Court had exercised discretion properly according to the
Act.
Matter: practice &
procedure - judicial estoppel - Piscataqua River lies at southeastern
end of New Hampshire’s boundary with Maine - New Hampshire claimed
ownership in river and harbour - Maine said the issue had already been
resolved previously in (1) a boundary determination by King George II
in 1740; & (2) a consent order recorded by Supreme Court in 1977
fixing the boundary along the "middle of the river" -
whether middle of river means Maine shore of the river - whether New
Hampshire is barred by judicial estoppel.
Matter: contract
- validity - appellant was granted planning permission to develop land
- in anticipation of the grant it had an agreement with the planning
authority - agreement is conditional upon grant of planning permission
and is for acquisition of land to build link road within the
development - land was eventually conveyed to appellant & road was
constructed - but appellant refused to pay purchase price - whether in
the circumstances the agreement was an agreement to buy planning
permission.
Matter: competition
- whether Jobserve enjoyed a dominant position in recruitment for IT
job vacancies via the WWW and whether Jobserve abused the position by
refusing to accept advertisements by recruitment agencies that have
advertised or propose to advertise on Newtwork Multimedia's
website.
Matter: EC law -
Opalescence (a gel for bleaching natural teeth) - CD 92/86/EEC
prohibits sale of cosmetic products containing more than 0.1% hydrogen
peroxide - Opalescence when applied releases 3.4% hydrogen peroxide
but it bore a CE marking (for medical product under Medical Devices
Directive ) - whether cosmetic or medical product? - relationship
between the two directives.
Matter: insurance -
policy for TV film production designed to let investors who gave
financial support to recoup their investment - reinsurance - liability
- construction.
Matter: company -
takeover bid - accountant's opinion on the offer price - accountant's
incompetence and breach of contract & duty of care - directors' breach
of fiduciary duty - recovery of loss occassioned by the takeover.
Matter: building -
house in a terrace row - demolition of next door building - withdrawal
of support - exposed wall unsightly & not waterproofed - remedial
works - damages.
Matter: carriage - of
passenger - by air - Art 17, Warsaw Convention: carrier's liability
for bodily injury caused by accident - interpretation - purposive
approach - use of travaux preparatoires to resolve
ambiguities/obscurities - "accident" & "bodily injury".
Matter: insurance -
professional indemnity policy - insurance coverage provided by two
different insurers for two successive annual periods - indemnity was
against claim (& not against occurance or liability) - occurance in
the second year - liability of insurer for first year.
Matter:
family - unmarried couple in a long-standing relationship (with no
cohabitation or sexual relationship) - breakdown of relationship -
division of property - respondent's entitlement to appellant's
superannuation benefits (wholly funded by appellant's employer).
Matter: statutes -
Town of Hudson enacted by-law to restrict use of pesticides - validity
of the by-law: (1) authority of Town to enact it & (2) conflict with
federal & provincial legislations.
Matter: federation -
rights of states over Arkansas River - Kansas & Colorado had a compact
on apportionment and division of the river water - Kansas alleged
violation by Colorado - whether damages to be assesed by the loss
Kansas had suffered or by the profit Colorado had gained - whether
award of monetary damages appropriate - whether Kansas had a direct
interest of its own in the issue when it instituted the action.
Matter: revenue -
supply of services - VAT - exemption (s.31 VAT Act 1994) for "grant of
interest in or right over land or of any licence to occupy land" - EC
Council Directive (77/388) refers to "letting of immovable property" -
Sinclair provides operates & maintains vending machines for sale of
cigarettes at various locations - the position of a machine in any one
location may be moved about to maximise sales - whether licence to
occupy land the same as letting of immovable property - whether
exemption applies.
Matter: labour -
employment dispute leading to settlement agreement with an agreed
reference - unfavourable reference given to new employer - breach of
settlement agreement & duty of care.
Matter:
".... whether the respondents were bound by contract or estoppel
to allow the appellants to participate in the process for the sale of
certain land. The arguments addressed to this Court were essentially
about the factual findings made by the High Court."
Matter:
"The effect of the order on the dividends
counterclaim was that the former directors were jointly and severally
liable to pay to Queens Moat, with interest, the sum of £26.728m
being the aggregate of ordinary dividends paid out ...."
Matter: succession - will
- residuary gift to a church - church no longer functions and building
already closed for worship & later sold - validity of the gift -
consequence flowing from invalidity & rights of other residuary
beneficiaries.
Matter: contract -
purchase of business - deal includes assignment of lease of the
business premises - landlord consented to assignment with condition on
clearance of rental arrear - purchaser's solicitors did not disclose
condition to purchaser - profitability of business not as good as that
represented by vendor - purchaser claimed against amongst other
parties, his solicitors for not disclosing rental arrears - lost of
opportunity to inquire and avoid losses.
Matter: patent - storage of biochemicals - action for infringement
- defence of invalidity for lack of novelty, lack of inventive step &
insufficiency -
Matter: practice &
procedure - s.88A, Judicature Act 1908 - preventing a vexatious
litigant from bringing or continuing with civil proceedings without
leave of court.
Matter: conflict of
laws - forum non conveniens - exposure to asbestos in South Africa -
resulting in personal injuries & death - 3000 plaintiffs (only 1
British who is resident in England - the rest are South African) -
defendant company was incorporated in England - it mined and processed
asbestos in South Africa.
Matter:
"The judge refused the order sought on the
grounds that the bargain made by the agreement .... was harsh and
unconscionable. He gave permission to appeal ...."
Matter: practice &
procedure - time limitation on enforcement of judgment - creditor's
petition presented for unpaid taxed costs - commencement of limitation
period for enforcement of order on costs.
Matter: banking -
guarantee - given as security for loan - induced by misrepresentation
- material variation of loan contract - liability of guarantor -
summary judgment.
Matter: restitution -
mistaken transfer of money - money partly & mistakenly used by
recipient - defence of change of position - amount of re-payment by
recipient.
Matter:
"whether the registration of a union by the Registrar of Unions
under .... the Employment Relations Act 2000 prior to the commencement
date of the [Act] .... is the exercise of a power which is
"necessary or desirable to bring, or in connection with
bringing" the enactment into operation ...."
Matter: companies -
insolvency - requisition by holders of subordinated notes (issued by
insolvent company) to convene creditors' meeting to replace
liquidators.
Matter:
".... this appeal is to find the proper balance between an
individual's right to the continued use and enjoyment of his or her
property and the power of the community .... to enhance, by changing
the land use regulations, the amenities of surrounding and other
affected landowners."